Index and Query Methods in Road Networks by Jun Feng, Toyohide Watanabe
By Jun Feng, Toyohide Watanabe
This booklet provides the index and question thoughts on highway community and relocating items that are restricted to street community. right here, the line community of non-Euclidean house has its particular features such that relocating gadgets could be very shut in a directly line distance. The index utilized in two-dimensional Euclidean house isn't regularly applicable for relocating gadgets on highway community. for that reason, the index constitution has to be more advantageous that allows you to receive appropriate indexing tools, discover the shortest direction and procure nearest neighbor question and aggregation question equipment below the hot index structures.
Chapter 1 of this booklet introduces the current scenario of clever site visitors and index in highway community, bankruptcy 2 introduces the proper current spatial indexing tools. bankruptcy 3-5 specialize in a number of problems with highway community and question, they comprises: site visitors highway community types (see bankruptcy 3), index constructions (see bankruptcy four) and combination question equipment (see bankruptcy 5). eventually, in bankruptcy 6, the ebook in short describes the functions and the advance of clever transportation within the future.
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If there is Σi , whose region Ri covers R j , Σi is an ancestor of Σ j ( Σi ∈ Ancestor s(Σ j )), and Σ j is a descendant of Σi (Σ j ∈ Descendants(Σi )). This relationship is denoted by Σ j ≤d Σi . If Σi satisfies Level(Σi ) = lk−1 and Ri covers R j , Σi is the father of Σ j , and Σ j is a son of Σi . This relationship is denoted by Σ j = Son(Σi ) or Σi = Father (Σ j ). , reflexive, antisymmetric and transive). For (4) ≤d is a partial order on every Σi , l0 < level(Σi ) ≤ lh and Σi ≤d Ancestor s(Σi ).
Morton. The Z-order of a point in multi-dimension is simply calculated by interleaving the binary representations of its coordinate values. Once the data are sorted into this ordering, any one-dimensional data structure can be used such as binary search trees, B-trees, skip lists or hash tables. The resulting ordering can equivalently be described as the order one would get from a depth-first traversal of a quad-tree, the Z-order can be used to efficiently construct quad-trees and related higher dimensional data structures.
The selection of a partitioning hyperplane is supposed to be based on the following four criteria: the clustering of entry rectangles, minimal total x- and y-displacement, minimal total space coverage of two new subspaces, and minimal number of rectangle splits. While the first three criteria aim to reduce the work of searches by tightening the coverage, the fourth criterion confines the height expansion of the tree. The fourth criterion can only minimize the number of covering rectangles of the next lower level that must be split as a consequence.